In the mid to late 1990s, researchers in the United States conducted a study of 17,000 + mostly middle-class, middle-aged US citizens to examine the medical, social, and economic consequences

Attachment, or the lack of it, is one of the first things that ‘happens’ to a child after birth. To ensure survival, children seek proximity to a familiar caregiver for

  A definition of trauma is “an event or events that make a person feel emotionally, cognitively, and/or physically overwhelmed. The circumstances of the event commonly include abuse of power,

The word ‘grooming’ is used in public and legal discourse to describe the process by which an offender draws a child into a sexual relationship. Many adult survivors dislike the

  Many abuse survivors carry the belief that they ‘suffered less than others’ so, when working with a survivor it is important to stress that there is no hierarchy to

Definition Organised abuse is defined as a range of circumstances in which multiple children are subject to sexual abuse by multiple perpetrators, often over a long period of time. Organised

  Definition  Child sexual abuse is when a child or young person is manipulated, pressurised or forced to taking part in or witnessing, any kind of sexual activity by an

Definition  Neglect is a pattern of failing to provide for a child’s basic needs—outside of the constraints imposed by poverty. Neglect can be emotional, physical, medical, and educational. Examples The

Definition  Emotional abuse is the inflicting of emotional anguish on a child that interferes with a child’s cognitive, emotional, psychological or social development. Examples The child is humiliated or constantly

Definition  Physical abuse involves any physical contact intended to cause feelings of intimidation, pain, injury or other physical suffering or harm. It is non-accidental physical injury that a child sustains